feat .calude

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# Generation Info
- **Source:** `sources/pinia`
- **Git SHA:** `55dbfc5c20d4461748996aa74d8c0913e89fb98e`
- **Generated:** 2026-01-28

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MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025-PRESENT Anthony Fu <https://github.com/antfu>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

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---
name: pinia
description: Pinia official Vue state management library, type-safe and extensible. Use when defining stores, working with state/getters/actions, or implementing store patterns in Vue apps.
metadata:
author: Anthony Fu
version: "2026.1.28"
source: Generated from https://github.com/vuejs/pinia, scripts located at https://github.com/antfu/skills
---
# Pinia
Pinia is the official state management library for Vue, designed to be intuitive and type-safe. It supports both Options API and Composition API styles, with first-class TypeScript support and devtools integration.
> The skill is based on Pinia v3.0.4, generated at 2026-01-28.
## Core References
| Topic | Description | Reference |
|-------|-------------|-----------|
| Stores | Defining stores, state, getters, actions, storeToRefs, subscriptions | [core-stores](references/core-stores.md) |
## Features
### Extensibility
| Topic | Description | Reference |
|-------|-------------|-----------|
| Plugins | Extend stores with custom properties, state, and behavior | [features-plugins](references/features-plugins.md) |
### Composability
| Topic | Description | Reference |
|-------|-------------|-----------|
| Composables | Using Vue composables within stores (VueUse, etc.) | [features-composables](references/features-composables.md) |
| Composing Stores | Store-to-store communication, avoiding circular dependencies | [features-composing-stores](references/features-composing-stores.md) |
## Best Practices
| Topic | Description | Reference |
|-------|-------------|-----------|
| Testing | Unit testing with @pinia/testing, mocking, stubbing | [best-practices-testing](references/best-practices-testing.md) |
| Outside Components | Using stores in navigation guards, plugins, middlewares | [best-practices-outside-component](references/best-practices-outside-component.md) |
## Advanced
| Topic | Description | Reference |
|-------|-------------|-----------|
| SSR | Server-side rendering, state hydration | [advanced-ssr](references/advanced-ssr.md) |
| Nuxt | Nuxt integration, auto-imports, SSR best practices | [advanced-nuxt](references/advanced-nuxt.md) |
| HMR | Hot module replacement for development | [advanced-hmr](references/advanced-hmr.md) |
## Key Recommendations
- **Prefer Setup Stores** for complex logic, composables, and watchers
- **Use `storeToRefs()`** when destructuring state/getters to preserve reactivity
- **Actions can be destructured directly** - they're bound to the store
- **Call stores inside functions** not at module scope, especially for SSR
- **Add HMR support** to each store for better development experience
- **Use `@pinia/testing`** for component tests with mocked stores

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# Sync Info
- **Source:** `vendor/antfu/skills/pinia`
- **Git SHA:** `4086f59fa12d308fb05592ca8ce1704fbb940aa3`
- **Synced:** 2026-01-30

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---
name: hot-module-replacement
description: Enable HMR to preserve store state during development
---
# Hot Module Replacement (HMR)
Pinia supports HMR to edit stores without page reload, preserving existing state.
## Setup
Add this snippet after each store definition:
```ts
import { defineStore, acceptHMRUpdate } from 'pinia'
export const useAuth = defineStore('auth', {
// store options...
})
if (import.meta.hot) {
import.meta.hot.accept(acceptHMRUpdate(useAuth, import.meta.hot))
}
```
## Setup Store Example
```ts
import { defineStore, acceptHMRUpdate } from 'pinia'
export const useCounterStore = defineStore('counter', () => {
const count = ref(0)
const increment = () => count.value++
return { count, increment }
})
if (import.meta.hot) {
import.meta.hot.accept(acceptHMRUpdate(useCounterStore, import.meta.hot))
}
```
## Bundler Support
- **Vite:** Officially supported via `import.meta.hot`
- **Webpack:** Uses `import.meta.webpackHot`
- Any bundler implementing the `import.meta.hot` spec should work
## Nuxt
With `@pinia/nuxt`, `acceptHMRUpdate` is auto-imported but you still need to add the HMR snippet manually.
## Benefits
- Edit store logic without losing state
- Add/remove state, actions, and getters on the fly
- Faster development iteration
<!--
Source references:
- https://pinia.vuejs.org/cookbook/hot-module-replacement.html
-->

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---
name: nuxt-integration
description: Using Pinia with Nuxt - auto-imports, SSR, and best practices
---
# Nuxt Integration
Pinia works seamlessly with Nuxt 3/4, handling SSR, serialization, and XSS protection automatically.
## Installation
```bash
npx nuxi@latest module add pinia
```
This installs both `@pinia/nuxt` and `pinia`. If `pinia` isn't installed, add it manually.
> **npm users:** If you get `ERESOLVE unable to resolve dependency tree`, add to `package.json`:
> ```json
> "overrides": { "vue": "latest" }
> ```
## Configuration
```ts
// nuxt.config.ts
export default defineNuxtConfig({
modules: ['@pinia/nuxt'],
})
```
## Auto Imports
These are automatically available:
- `usePinia()` - get pinia instance
- `defineStore()` - define stores
- `storeToRefs()` - extract reactive refs
- `acceptHMRUpdate()` - HMR support
**All stores in `app/stores/` (Nuxt 4) or `stores/` are auto-imported.**
### Custom Store Directories
```ts
// nuxt.config.ts
export default defineNuxtConfig({
modules: ['@pinia/nuxt'],
pinia: {
storesDirs: ['./stores/**', './custom-folder/stores/**'],
},
})
```
## Fetching Data in Pages
Use `callOnce()` for SSR-friendly data fetching:
```vue
<script setup>
const store = useStore()
// Run once, data persists across navigations
await callOnce('user', () => store.fetchUser())
</script>
```
### Refetch on Navigation
```vue
<script setup>
const store = useStore()
// Refetch on every navigation (like useFetch)
await callOnce('user', () => store.fetchUser(), { mode: 'navigation' })
</script>
```
## Using Stores Outside Components
In navigation guards, middlewares, or other stores, pass the `pinia` instance:
```ts
// middleware/auth.ts
export default defineNuxtRouteMiddleware((to) => {
const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
const store = useStore(nuxtApp.$pinia)
if (to.meta.requiresAuth && !store.isLoggedIn) {
return navigateTo('/login')
}
})
```
Most of the time, you don't need this - just use stores in components or other injection-aware contexts.
## Pinia Plugins with Nuxt
Create a Nuxt plugin:
```ts
// plugins/myPiniaPlugin.ts
import { PiniaPluginContext } from 'pinia'
function MyPiniaPlugin({ store }: PiniaPluginContext) {
store.$subscribe((mutation) => {
console.log(`[🍍 ${mutation.storeId}]: ${mutation.type}`)
})
return { creationTime: new Date() }
}
export default defineNuxtPlugin(({ $pinia }) => {
$pinia.use(MyPiniaPlugin)
})
```
<!--
Source references:
- https://pinia.vuejs.org/ssr/nuxt.html
-->

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---
name: server-side-rendering
description: SSR setup, state hydration, and avoiding cross-request state pollution
---
# Server Side Rendering (SSR)
Pinia works with SSR when stores are called at the top of `setup`, getters, or actions.
> **Using Nuxt?** See the [Nuxt integration](advanced-nuxt.md) instead.
## Basic Usage
```vue
<script setup>
// ✅ Works - pinia knows the app context in setup
const main = useMainStore()
</script>
```
## Using Store Outside setup()
Pass the `pinia` instance explicitly:
```ts
const pinia = createPinia()
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(router)
app.use(pinia)
router.beforeEach((to) => {
// ✅ Pass pinia for correct SSR context
const main = useMainStore(pinia)
if (to.meta.requiresAuth && !main.isLoggedIn) {
return '/login'
}
})
```
## serverPrefetch()
Access pinia via `this.$pinia`:
```ts
export default {
serverPrefetch() {
const store = useStore(this.$pinia)
return store.fetchData()
},
}
```
## onServerPrefetch()
Works normally:
```vue
<script setup>
const store = useStore()
onServerPrefetch(async () => {
await store.fetchData()
})
</script>
```
## State Hydration
Serialize state on server and hydrate on client.
### Server Side
Use [devalue](https://github.com/Rich-Harris/devalue) for XSS-safe serialization:
```ts
import devalue from 'devalue'
import { createPinia } from 'pinia'
const pinia = createPinia()
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(router)
app.use(pinia)
// After rendering, state is available
const serializedState = devalue(pinia.state.value)
// Inject into HTML as global variable
```
### Client Side
Hydrate before any `useStore()` call:
```ts
const pinia = createPinia()
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(pinia)
// Hydrate from serialized state (e.g., from window.__pinia)
if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
pinia.state.value = JSON.parse(window.__pinia)
}
```
## SSR Examples
- [Vitesse template](https://github.com/antfu/vitesse/blob/main/src/modules/pinia.ts)
- [vite-plugin-ssr](https://vite-plugin-ssr.com/pinia)
## Key Points
1. Call stores inside functions, not at module scope
2. Pass `pinia` instance when using stores outside components in SSR
3. Hydrate state before calling any `useStore()`
4. Use `devalue` or similar for safe serialization
5. Avoid cross-request state pollution by creating fresh pinia per request
<!--
Source references:
- https://pinia.vuejs.org/ssr/
-->

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---
name: using-stores-outside-components
description: Correctly using stores in navigation guards, plugins, and other non-component contexts
---
# Using Stores Outside Components
Stores need the `pinia` instance, which is automatically injected in components. Outside components, you may need to provide it manually.
## Single Page Applications
Call stores **after** pinia is installed:
```ts
import { useUserStore } from '@/stores/user'
import { createPinia } from 'pinia'
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
// ❌ Fails - pinia not created yet
const userStore = useUserStore()
const pinia = createPinia()
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(pinia)
// ✅ Works - pinia is active
const userStore = useUserStore()
```
## Navigation Guards
**Wrong:** Call at module level
```ts
import { createRouter } from 'vue-router'
const router = createRouter({ /* ... */ })
// ❌ May fail depending on import order
const store = useUserStore()
router.beforeEach((to) => {
if (store.isLoggedIn) { /* ... */ }
})
```
**Correct:** Call inside the guard
```ts
router.beforeEach((to) => {
// ✅ Called after pinia is installed
const store = useUserStore()
if (to.meta.requiresAuth && !store.isLoggedIn) {
return '/login'
}
})
```
## SSR Applications
Always pass the `pinia` instance to `useStore()`:
```ts
const pinia = createPinia()
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(router)
app.use(pinia)
router.beforeEach((to) => {
// ✅ Pass pinia instance
const main = useMainStore(pinia)
if (to.meta.requiresAuth && !main.isLoggedIn) {
return '/login'
}
})
```
## serverPrefetch()
Access pinia via `this.$pinia`:
```ts
export default {
serverPrefetch() {
const store = useStore(this.$pinia)
return store.fetchData()
},
}
```
## onServerPrefetch()
Works normally in `<script setup>`:
```vue
<script setup>
const store = useStore()
onServerPrefetch(async () => {
// ✅ Just works
await store.fetchData()
})
</script>
```
## Key Takeaway
Defer `useStore()` calls to functions that run after pinia is installed, rather than calling at module scope.
<!--
Source references:
- https://pinia.vuejs.org/core-concepts/outside-component-usage.html
-->

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---
name: testing
description: Unit testing stores and components with @pinia/testing
---
# Testing Stores
## Unit Testing Stores
Create a fresh pinia instance for each test:
```ts
import { setActivePinia, createPinia } from 'pinia'
import { useCounterStore } from '../src/stores/counter'
describe('Counter Store', () => {
beforeEach(() => {
setActivePinia(createPinia())
})
it('increments', () => {
const counter = useCounterStore()
expect(counter.n).toBe(0)
counter.increment()
expect(counter.n).toBe(1)
})
})
```
### With Plugins
```ts
import { setActivePinia, createPinia } from 'pinia'
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import { somePlugin } from '../src/stores/plugin'
const app = createApp({})
beforeEach(() => {
const pinia = createPinia().use(somePlugin)
app.use(pinia)
setActivePinia(pinia)
})
```
## Testing Components
Install `@pinia/testing`:
```bash
npm i -D @pinia/testing
```
Use `createTestingPinia()`:
```ts
import { mount } from '@vue/test-utils'
import { createTestingPinia } from '@pinia/testing'
import { useSomeStore } from '@/stores/myStore'
const wrapper = mount(Counter, {
global: {
plugins: [createTestingPinia()],
},
})
const store = useSomeStore()
// Manipulate state directly
store.name = 'new name'
store.$patch({ name: 'new name' })
// Actions are stubbed by default
store.someAction()
expect(store.someAction).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
```
## Initial State
Set initial state for tests:
```ts
const wrapper = mount(Counter, {
global: {
plugins: [
createTestingPinia({
initialState: {
counter: { n: 20 }, // Store name → initial state
},
}),
],
},
})
```
## Action Stubbing
### Execute Real Actions
```ts
createTestingPinia({ stubActions: false })
```
### Selective Stubbing
```ts
// Only stub specific actions
createTestingPinia({
stubActions: ['increment', 'reset'],
})
// Or use a function
createTestingPinia({
stubActions: (actionName, store) => {
if (actionName.startsWith('set')) return true
return false
},
})
```
### Mock Action Return Values
```ts
import type { Mock } from 'vitest'
// After getting store
store.someAction.mockResolvedValue('mocked value')
```
## Mocking Getters
Getters are writable in tests:
```ts
const pinia = createTestingPinia()
const counter = useCounterStore(pinia)
counter.double = 3 // Override computed value
// Reset to default behavior
counter.double = undefined
counter.double // Now computed normally
```
## Custom Spy Function
If not using Jest/Vitest with globals:
```ts
import { vi } from 'vitest'
createTestingPinia({
createSpy: vi.fn,
})
```
With Sinon:
```ts
import sinon from 'sinon'
createTestingPinia({
createSpy: sinon.spy,
})
```
## Pinia Plugins in Tests
Pass plugins to `createTestingPinia()`:
```ts
import { somePlugin } from '../src/stores/plugin'
createTestingPinia({
stubActions: false,
plugins: [somePlugin],
})
```
**Don't use** `testingPinia.use(MyPlugin)` - pass plugins in options.
## Type-Safe Mocked Store
```ts
import type { Mock } from 'vitest'
import type { Store, StoreDefinition } from 'pinia'
function mockedStore<TStoreDef extends () => unknown>(
useStore: TStoreDef
): TStoreDef extends StoreDefinition<infer Id, infer State, infer Getters, infer Actions>
? Store<Id, State, Record<string, never>, {
[K in keyof Actions]: Actions[K] extends (...args: any[]) => any
? Mock<Actions[K]>
: Actions[K]
}>
: ReturnType<TStoreDef> {
return useStore() as any
}
// Usage
const store = mockedStore(useSomeStore)
store.someAction.mockResolvedValue('value') // Typed!
```
## E2E Tests
No special handling needed - Pinia works normally.
<!--
Source references:
- https://pinia.vuejs.org/cookbook/testing.html
-->

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---
name: stores
description: Defining stores, state, getters, and actions in Pinia
---
# Pinia Stores
Stores are defined using `defineStore()` with a unique name. Each store has three core concepts: **state**, **getters**, and **actions**.
## Defining Stores
### Option Stores
Similar to Vue's Options API:
```ts
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
export const useCounterStore = defineStore('counter', {
state: () => ({
count: 0,
name: 'Eduardo',
}),
getters: {
doubleCount: (state) => state.count * 2,
},
actions: {
increment() {
this.count++
},
},
})
```
Think of `state` as `data`, `getters` as `computed`, and `actions` as `methods`.
### Setup Stores (Recommended)
Uses Composition API syntax - more flexible and powerful:
```ts
import { ref, computed } from 'vue'
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
export const useCounterStore = defineStore('counter', () => {
const count = ref(0)
const name = ref('Eduardo')
const doubleCount = computed(() => count.value * 2)
function increment() {
count.value++
}
return { count, name, doubleCount, increment }
})
```
In Setup Stores: `ref()` → state, `computed()` → getters, `function()` → actions.
**Important:** You must return all state properties for Pinia to track them.
### Using Stores
```vue
<script setup>
import { useCounterStore } from '@/stores/counter'
const store = useCounterStore()
// Access: store.count, store.doubleCount, store.increment()
</script>
```
### Destructuring with storeToRefs
```vue
<script setup>
import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
import { useCounterStore } from '@/stores/counter'
const store = useCounterStore()
// ❌ Breaks reactivity
const { name, doubleCount } = store
// ✅ Preserves reactivity for state/getters
const { name, doubleCount } = storeToRefs(store)
// ✅ Actions can be destructured directly
const { increment } = store
</script>
```
---
## State
State is defined as a function returning the initial state.
### TypeScript
Type inference works automatically. For complex types:
```ts
interface UserInfo {
name: string
age: number
}
export const useUserStore = defineStore('user', {
state: () => ({
userList: [] as UserInfo[],
user: null as UserInfo | null,
}),
})
```
Or use an interface for the return type:
```ts
interface State {
userList: UserInfo[]
user: UserInfo | null
}
export const useUserStore = defineStore('user', {
state: (): State => ({
userList: [],
user: null,
}),
})
```
### Accessing and Modifying
```ts
const store = useStore()
store.count++
```
```vue
<input v-model="store.count" type="number" />
```
### Mutating with $patch
Apply multiple changes at once:
```ts
// Object syntax
store.$patch({
count: store.count + 1,
name: 'DIO',
})
// Function syntax (for complex mutations)
store.$patch((state) => {
state.items.push({ name: 'shoes', quantity: 1 })
state.hasChanged = true
})
```
### Resetting State
Option Stores have built-in `$reset()`. For Setup Stores, implement your own:
```ts
export const useCounterStore = defineStore('counter', () => {
const count = ref(0)
function $reset() {
count.value = 0
}
return { count, $reset }
})
```
### Subscribing to State Changes
```ts
cartStore.$subscribe((mutation, state) => {
mutation.type // 'direct' | 'patch object' | 'patch function'
mutation.storeId // 'cart'
mutation.payload // patch object (only for 'patch object')
localStorage.setItem('cart', JSON.stringify(state))
})
// Options
cartStore.$subscribe(callback, { flush: 'sync' }) // Immediate
cartStore.$subscribe(callback, { detached: true }) // Keep after unmount
```
---
## Getters
Getters are computed values, equivalent to Vue's `computed()`.
### Basic Getters
```ts
getters: {
doubleCount: (state) => state.count * 2,
}
```
### Accessing Other Getters
Use `this` with explicit return type:
```ts
getters: {
doubleCount: (state) => state.count * 2,
doublePlusOne(): number {
return this.doubleCount + 1
},
},
```
### Getters with Arguments
Return a function (note: loses caching):
```ts
getters: {
getUserById: (state) => {
return (userId: string) => state.users.find((user) => user.id === userId)
},
},
```
Cache within parameterized getters:
```ts
getters: {
getActiveUserById(state) {
const activeUsers = state.users.filter((user) => user.active)
return (userId: string) => activeUsers.find((user) => user.id === userId)
},
},
```
### Accessing Other Stores in Getters
```ts
import { useOtherStore } from './other-store'
getters: {
combined(state) {
const otherStore = useOtherStore()
return state.localData + otherStore.data
},
},
```
---
## Actions
Actions are methods for business logic. Unlike getters, they can be asynchronous.
### Defining Actions
```ts
actions: {
increment() {
this.count++
},
randomizeCounter() {
this.count = Math.round(100 * Math.random())
},
},
```
### Async Actions
```ts
actions: {
async registerUser(login: string, password: string) {
try {
this.userData = await api.post({ login, password })
} catch (error) {
return error
}
},
},
```
### Accessing Other Stores in Actions
```ts
import { useAuthStore } from './auth-store'
actions: {
async fetchUserPreferences() {
const auth = useAuthStore()
if (auth.isAuthenticated) {
this.preferences = await fetchPreferences()
}
},
},
```
**SSR:** Call all `useStore()` before any `await`:
```ts
async orderCart() {
// ✅ Call stores before await
const user = useUserStore()
await apiOrderCart(user.token, this.items)
// ❌ Don't call useStore() after await in SSR
}
```
### Subscribing to Actions
```ts
const unsubscribe = someStore.$onAction(
({ name, store, args, after, onError }) => {
const startTime = Date.now()
console.log(`Start "${name}" with params [${args.join(', ')}]`)
after((result) => {
console.log(`Finished "${name}" after ${Date.now() - startTime}ms`)
})
onError((error) => {
console.warn(`Failed "${name}": ${error}`)
})
}
)
unsubscribe() // Cleanup
```
Keep subscription after component unmount:
```ts
someStore.$onAction(callback, true)
```
---
## Options API Helpers
```ts
import { mapState, mapWritableState, mapActions } from 'pinia'
import { useCounterStore } from '../stores/counter'
export default {
computed: {
// Readonly state/getters
...mapState(useCounterStore, ['count', 'doubleCount']),
// Writable state
...mapWritableState(useCounterStore, ['count']),
},
methods: {
...mapActions(useCounterStore, ['increment']),
},
}
```
---
## Accessing Global Providers in Setup Stores
```ts
import { inject } from 'vue'
import { useRoute } from 'vue-router'
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
export const useSearchFilters = defineStore('search-filters', () => {
const route = useRoute()
const appProvided = inject('appProvided')
// Don't return these - access them directly in components
return { /* ... */ }
})
```
<!--
Source references:
- https://pinia.vuejs.org/core-concepts/
- https://pinia.vuejs.org/core-concepts/state.html
- https://pinia.vuejs.org/core-concepts/getters.html
- https://pinia.vuejs.org/core-concepts/actions.html
-->

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---
name: composables-in-stores
description: Using Vue composables within Pinia stores
---
# Composables in Stores
Pinia stores can leverage Vue composables for reusable stateful logic.
## Option Stores
Call composables inside the `state` property, but only those returning writable refs:
```ts
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
import { useLocalStorage } from '@vueuse/core'
export const useAuthStore = defineStore('auth', {
state: () => ({
user: useLocalStorage('pinia/auth/login', 'bob'),
}),
})
```
**Works:** Composables returning `ref()`:
- `useLocalStorage`
- `useAsyncState`
**Doesn't work in Option Stores:**
- Composables exposing functions
- Composables exposing readonly data
## Setup Stores
More flexible - can use almost any composable:
```ts
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
import { useMediaControls } from '@vueuse/core'
import { ref } from 'vue'
export const useVideoPlayer = defineStore('video', () => {
const videoElement = ref<HTMLVideoElement>()
const src = ref('/data/video.mp4')
const { playing, volume, currentTime, togglePictureInPicture } =
useMediaControls(videoElement, { src })
function loadVideo(element: HTMLVideoElement, newSrc: string) {
videoElement.value = element
src.value = newSrc
}
return {
src,
playing,
volume,
currentTime,
loadVideo,
togglePictureInPicture,
}
})
```
**Note:** Don't return non-serializable DOM refs like `videoElement` - they're internal implementation details.
## SSR Considerations
### Option Stores with hydrate()
Define a `hydrate()` function to handle client-side hydration:
```ts
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
import { useLocalStorage } from '@vueuse/core'
export const useAuthStore = defineStore('auth', {
state: () => ({
user: useLocalStorage('pinia/auth/login', 'bob'),
}),
hydrate(state, initialState) {
// Ignore server state, read from browser
state.user = useLocalStorage('pinia/auth/login', 'bob')
},
})
```
### Setup Stores with skipHydrate()
Mark state that shouldn't hydrate from server:
```ts
import { defineStore, skipHydrate } from 'pinia'
import { useEyeDropper, useLocalStorage } from '@vueuse/core'
export const useColorStore = defineStore('colors', () => {
const { isSupported, open, sRGBHex } = useEyeDropper()
const lastColor = useLocalStorage('lastColor', sRGBHex)
return {
// Skip hydration for client-only state
lastColor: skipHydrate(lastColor),
open, // Function - no hydration needed
isSupported, // Boolean - not reactive
}
})
```
`skipHydrate()` only applies to state properties (refs), not functions or non-reactive values.
<!--
Source references:
- https://pinia.vuejs.org/cookbook/composables.html
-->

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---
name: composing-stores
description: Store-to-store communication and avoiding circular dependencies
---
# Composing Stores
Stores can use each other for shared state and logic.
## Rule: Avoid Circular Dependencies
Two stores cannot directly read each other's state during setup:
```ts
// ❌ Infinite loop
const useX = defineStore('x', () => {
const y = useY()
y.name // Don't read here!
return { name: ref('X') }
})
const useY = defineStore('y', () => {
const x = useX()
x.name // Don't read here!
return { name: ref('Y') }
})
```
**Solution:** Read in getters, computed, or actions:
```ts
const useX = defineStore('x', () => {
const y = useY()
// ✅ Read in computed/actions
function doSomething() {
const yName = y.name
}
return { name: ref('X'), doSomething }
})
```
## Setup Stores: Use Store at Top
```ts
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
import { useUserStore } from './user'
export const useCartStore = defineStore('cart', () => {
const user = useUserStore()
const list = ref([])
const summary = computed(() => {
return `Hi ${user.name}, you have ${list.value.length} items`
})
function purchase() {
return apiPurchase(user.id, list.value)
}
return { list, summary, purchase }
})
```
## Shared Getters
Call `useStore()` inside a getter:
```ts
import { useUserStore } from './user'
export const useCartStore = defineStore('cart', {
getters: {
summary(state) {
const user = useUserStore()
return `Hi ${user.name}, you have ${state.list.length} items`
},
},
})
```
## Shared Actions
Call `useStore()` inside an action:
```ts
import { useUserStore } from './user'
import { apiOrderCart } from './api'
export const useCartStore = defineStore('cart', {
actions: {
async orderCart() {
const user = useUserStore()
try {
await apiOrderCart(user.token, this.items)
this.emptyCart()
} catch (err) {
displayError(err)
}
},
},
})
```
## SSR: Call Stores Before Await
In async actions, call all stores before any `await`:
```ts
actions: {
async orderCart() {
// ✅ All useStore() calls before await
const user = useUserStore()
const analytics = useAnalyticsStore()
try {
await apiOrderCart(user.token, this.items)
// ❌ Don't call useStore() after await (SSR issue)
// const otherStore = useOtherStore()
} catch (err) {
displayError(err)
}
},
}
```
This ensures the correct Pinia instance is used during SSR.
<!--
Source references:
- https://pinia.vuejs.org/cookbook/composing-stores.html
-->

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@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
---
name: plugins
description: Extend stores with custom properties, methods, and behavior
---
# Plugins
Plugins extend all stores with custom properties, methods, or behavior.
## Basic Plugin
```ts
import { createPinia } from 'pinia'
function SecretPiniaPlugin() {
return { secret: 'the cake is a lie' }
}
const pinia = createPinia()
pinia.use(SecretPiniaPlugin)
// In any store
const store = useStore()
store.secret // 'the cake is a lie'
```
## Plugin Context
Plugins receive a context object:
```ts
import { PiniaPluginContext } from 'pinia'
export function myPiniaPlugin(context: PiniaPluginContext) {
context.pinia // pinia instance
context.app // Vue app instance
context.store // store being augmented
context.options // store definition options
}
```
## Adding Properties
Return an object to add properties (tracked in devtools):
```ts
pinia.use(() => ({ hello: 'world' }))
```
Or set directly on store:
```ts
pinia.use(({ store }) => {
store.hello = 'world'
// For devtools visibility in dev mode
if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development') {
store._customProperties.add('hello')
}
})
```
## Adding State
Add to both `store` and `store.$state` for SSR/devtools:
```ts
import { toRef, ref } from 'vue'
pinia.use(({ store }) => {
if (!store.$state.hasOwnProperty('hasError')) {
const hasError = ref(false)
store.$state.hasError = hasError
}
store.hasError = toRef(store.$state, 'hasError')
})
```
## Adding External Properties
Wrap non-reactive objects with `markRaw()`:
```ts
import { markRaw } from 'vue'
import { router } from './router'
pinia.use(({ store }) => {
store.router = markRaw(router)
})
```
## Custom Store Options
Define custom options consumed by plugins:
```ts
// Store definition
defineStore('search', {
actions: {
searchContacts() { /* ... */ },
},
debounce: {
searchContacts: 300,
},
})
// Plugin reads custom option
import debounce from 'lodash/debounce'
pinia.use(({ options, store }) => {
if (options.debounce) {
return Object.keys(options.debounce).reduce((acc, action) => {
acc[action] = debounce(store[action], options.debounce[action])
return acc
}, {})
}
})
```
For Setup Stores, pass options as third argument:
```ts
defineStore(
'search',
() => { /* ... */ },
{
debounce: { searchContacts: 300 },
}
)
```
## TypeScript Augmentation
### Custom Properties
```ts
import 'pinia'
import type { Router } from 'vue-router'
declare module 'pinia' {
export interface PiniaCustomProperties {
router: Router
hello: string
}
}
```
### Custom State
```ts
declare module 'pinia' {
export interface PiniaCustomStateProperties<S> {
hasError: boolean
}
}
```
### Custom Options
```ts
declare module 'pinia' {
export interface DefineStoreOptionsBase<S, Store> {
debounce?: Partial<Record<keyof StoreActions<Store>, number>>
}
}
```
## Subscribe in Plugins
```ts
pinia.use(({ store }) => {
store.$subscribe(() => {
// React to state changes
})
store.$onAction(() => {
// React to actions
})
})
```
## Nuxt Plugin
Create a Nuxt plugin to add Pinia plugins:
```ts
// plugins/myPiniaPlugin.ts
import { PiniaPluginContext } from 'pinia'
function MyPiniaPlugin({ store }: PiniaPluginContext) {
store.$subscribe((mutation) => {
console.log(`[🍍 ${mutation.storeId}]: ${mutation.type}`)
})
return { creationTime: new Date() }
}
export default defineNuxtPlugin(({ $pinia }) => {
$pinia.use(MyPiniaPlugin)
})
```
<!--
Source references:
- https://pinia.vuejs.org/core-concepts/plugins.html
-->